Traveling through a network

 ping activity google.com, news.com.au, and docomo.ne.jp 

4 packets sent, 4 packets received, 0 packets lost 

tracert information 

google.com: 2ms to jump to each router its timed out at router 18  and it made it too router 27 

news.com.au: 2ms to jump to each router. it timed out at router 5 and it made it to router 12 

docomo.jp between 1-5 ms to jump to each server timed out at server 5 made it to server 14 

 

Ping sends a small message called an ICMP echo request from the source device to the destination device. The destination device then responds with an ICMP echo reply message. This allows the source device to measure the round trip time (RTT) it takes for the packet to travel to the destination and back. Traceroute, on the other hand, sends a series of packets with increasing time-to-live (TTL) values. Each packet starts with a TTL of 1, and as it passes through each router on the path to the destination, the TTL value is increased. When a router receives a packet with a TTL of 1, it decrements the TTL value by 1 and discards the packet, sending an ICMP time exceeded message back to the source device. This process is repeated until the packet reaches the destination, and the source device receives an ICMP echo reply message. The paths to different destinations can differ based on various factors. These factors include the network topology, routing protocols, and network congestion. When a packet is sent from the source to the destination, it may traverse multiple routers and network links. The specific path taken by the packet can vary based on the routing decisions made by routers along the way. The round trip time (RTT) can be influenced by the geographical location of the destination. In general, the farther the distance between the source and destination, the longer the RTT will be. This is due to the physical limitations of data transmission over long distances. Signals traveling through network cables or wireless connections experience propagation delay, which adds to the overall RTT. Additionally, the number of routers and network links the packet has to traverse can also impact the RTT.

Possible reasons for a "ping" request to time out or return with an error response are:
  a. Network congestion or high latency: If there is a lot of traffic on the network or if the destination server is experiencing high latency, the "ping" request may time out or return with an error. This indicates a problem with the network or the destination server.
  b. Firewall or security settings: If the destination server has a firewall or security settings that block incoming "ping" requests, the request may time out or return with an error. This could be intentional to protect the server from unauthorized access.

- Possible reasons for a "traceroute" command to time out or return with an error response are:
  a. Firewall or security settings: Similar to the "ping" command, if any of the routers or servers in the route have firewall or security settings that block the "traceroute" requests, the command may time out or return with an error. This could be intentional to protect the network or server.
  b. Network misconfiguration or failure: If there is a misconfiguration or failure in the network infrastructure, such as a broken link or a misconfigured router, the "traceroute" command may not be able to complete successfully. This could result in timeouts or errors in the response.

In both cases, if the "ping" or "traceroute" commands consistently time out or return with errors, it indicates a potential issue with the network connectivity or the destination server's configuration. Further troubleshooting may be required to identify and resolve the problem.